Nanorobotics in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nanorobotics in Medicine - Essay Example The very advantages of such reduced size are the high degree of precision and control on the end product. Therefore, what cannot be reached or manipulated in the past due to space and size restrictions can now be easily accessed and operate on through appropriate miniature tools (Cavalcanti 1, Martinac and Metelko 1). Not only telecommunications and materials science are experiencing the excitement in this new technology. The world of medicine is said to be one of those that will greatly benefit from nanotechnology. Experts clearly see the impact of this technology in the practice of medicine. In fact, funds have been flowing towards this area recently. In the US alone, according to Freitas (1) more than $500 million was allocated for nanotechnology research and development in 2002, $849 million in 2004 and reached $1 billion in 2006. In Europe, the European Commission apportioned 1.3 billion euros for nanotechnology R&D for 2003-2006. Furthermore, biomedical nanoscale applications were projected to have a 35% per year growth rate (Freitas 1). Due to the great interest in application of nanotechnology in medicine, a new field of science emerged and called nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is defined as the utilization of the knowledge of molecular characteristics of the human body for the diagnosis, tre atment, prevention, relief, improvement of pains, injuries and diseases. Frontiers in nanomedicine include three main categories. These are nanoscale structured materials or nanodevices, engineered microorganisms and nanorobots (Martinac and Metelko 2). Nanoscale structured materials or nanodevices are microscopic devices that can be used in implants or for delivering drugs to specific sites. Examples of nanodevices are nanopores which can contain large amounts of drugs or enzymes for controlled release using the very high surface area and size of the pores. Engineered microorganisms include bacteria and macrophages that can produce enzymes or perform new beneficial functions. Expectations are high in the branch of medical nanorobotics (Martinac and Metelko 2). Nanorobots are envisioned to offer advances through miniaturization of electronic medical devices by recreating naturally existing models such as those of bacteria and viruses. This entails fusing microelectronics and modified microorganisms to develop new artificial biological devices or engineer ing microelectronics alone that can perform specified tasks inside the human body (Freitas 9). Just like every normal machine or tool, nanorobotics are envisioned to be built from scratch although in microscopic proportions. Therefore, there is a need to design basic parts and components with minimum specifications and but with more than enough functionality. In other words, the first objective is to manufacture nanobearings and nanogears which will provide the above capabilities. Overlap-repulsion bearing designs by Drexler and Merkle pioneered these efforts (Freitas 10). A functioning nanorobot is seen to have molecular sorting rotors and a robotic arm. The latter is also called a telescopic manipulator. The exterior must contain or be made up of materials like glycocalyx that do not react or prevent absorption of blood materials such as fibrinogen. These components are also placed to provide biocompatibility and prevent immune system reactions. In addition, chemotactic sensors, molecules with specific binding

Healthy Alternatives to Prescription Medications Term Paper

Healthy Alternatives to Prescription Medications - Term Paper Example    All these categories may be used complementarily with medical prescriptions or entirely on their own, as alternatives to western medicine. In general, the use of CAM does not imply the rejection of conventional medicine, but as a critical part of self-care management that shows ones responsibility for health and a pragmatic approach to managing the chronic condition in the best possible way (Moses 64). Notably, some cases require the use of the alternative medicine in place of prescription medication. For instance, a person may opt for physiotherapy instead of antidepressants to relieve stress. Of great importance is the need to ensure that the alternative medications are healthy since ensuring the safety of the patient is very important. The effectiveness of any alternative treatment should be accompanied by lack of adverse effects. The use of alternatives to prescription medication is healthy if undertaken under the principles of quality use of medicine, which calls for judiciousness, appropriateness, safety, and efficacy. Prescription medication is not always effective and in some instances, it does not work well enough as the alternative form of treatment. To begin with, the ineffectiveness of the conventional medication leads people to seek alternative medicine. For instance, biomedical treatment of chronic pain using long-term opioids, anticonvulsants, topical preparations, and tricyclic antidepressants is only marginally effective (Tan, Alvarez and Jensen 1420). For instance, Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM), a chronically painful disorder of unknown origin that defies all clinical treatments is effectively managed by alternative treatments such as acupuncture, herbal and nutritional supplements, and massage  therapy (Sarac and Gur 48).  

Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Reflection - Assignment Example The feeling was great because participating in a worthy cause of raising funds to cater for children’s health concerns is good. My thought is that more funds need to be raised by conducting regular walks to cater for research activities by the children’s hospital. My reaction was positive since the event was a platform to get to touch a child’s heart especially those from poor backgrounds who cannot afford expensive medical bills (Voelker 12). The walk was quite a success; however, the experience from it is what is vital. I noticed that few families participated. Instead, it was only school children. Parents should be encouraged to participate more. The event is also supposed to be expanded to other areas in order to raise more funds. Most important is for accountability of these funds to ensure it benefits the children from poor backgrounds. The funds should go into projects that aim to ensure all children access affordable quality healthcare. Questions that need to be considered include: was the event a success? What improvements need to be done? What impact has the awareness created and how are the funds going to be used? A number of nurses participated in the event. The experience from a professional nurse’s perspective was a constructive one. Nurses need to envision becoming caring so as to improve the health of the children. They have to carry out their duties with high standards of dedication through nursing research, evidence objective practice and high quality of nursing care to the kids. The nurses must place the needs of the kids and their families fast by ensuring they are responsible, excellent, and innovative enough and practice with respect and dignity (Voelker

Structure of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Br

Structure of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚         â€Å"Almost all literary theorists since Aristotle have emphasized the importance of structure, conceived in diverse ways, in analyzing a work of literature† (Abrams 300). This essay will explore some interesting points in the structure of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† considering the time-frame, foreshadowing, suspenseful incidents, climax and denouement (Axelrod 337).    The narrative in this tale is straightforward until the narrator, late in the story, asks the reader: "Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting?† This query gives the reader the option of believing that the story is mostly a dream. The tale encompasses a period of time from sunset, when the young Puritan Goodman Brown leaves his wife in the doorway of their home, till the next morning when he returns to Salem village after spending the night in the woods.    As Brown leaves the house at the beginning of the story, his wife Faith foreshadows coming events with her reference to dreams:    "Dearest heart," whispered she, softly and rather sadly, when her lips were close to his ear, "pr'ythee, put off your journey until sunrise, and sleep in your own bed tonight. A lone woman is troubled with such dreams and such thoughts, that she's afeard of herself, sometimes. Pray, tarry with me this night, dear husband, of all nights in the year!"      Faith’s use of dreams as an excuse for her husband to stay home on this particular evening is anticipatory of Goodman’s experience in the woods, which turns out to be possibly a dream; in other words, the bulk of the narrative could be only a dream. The devil, furthermore, introduces the ... ...ith Goodman until his dying day: â€Å"And when he had lived long, and was borne to his grave, a hoary corpse, followed by Faith, an aged woman, and children and grandchildren, a goodly procession, besides neighbors, not a few, they carved no hopeful verse upon his tombstone; for his dying hour was gloom.†    In this essay we have seen some interesting points in the structure of   â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† including the time-frame, the use of foreshadowing, suspenseful incidents, climax and denouement.    WORKS CITED    Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.    Axelrod, Rise B. The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing, 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† 1835. http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html   

Disadvantage of Facebook Essay

Now it’s time to talk about some disadvantages of Facebook. There are some Disadvantages of Facebook beside these many advantages. Some of these disadvantages are : –Â  Facebook is Addicting! Facebook is too much addicting! Facebook is too too addicting! Yes it is indeed addicting which often kills your valuable time. Using Facebook for your need is not bad but when you waste most of your valuable time than it becomes bad. The biggest disadvantages of Facebook is it’s addiction which causes many problems. –Â  Fake profile and ID! Fake profile is one of the biggest disadvantage of Facebook. Now it has become easier to create fake profile. People often uses fake profile to insults or harassing someone. It is more common against girls where people simply makes a fake profile and start harassing them. In my country i have got news that some girls died y suicide when someone abused her by making a fake profile of her. –Â  There are plenty of groups and Fan pages out there which is being created to abuse or violate other religion , personalities , nation etc. This kind of racist disgusting activities decreasing some popularity. Facebook administrator should take necessary steps against all these abusing groups & pages. –Â  Facebook often brings bad effects on students results. Students who are Facebook addicted does a bad result on his or her exams. –Â  Beside students, people who works in offices wastes their time in browsing Facebook. That’s why many offices has decided to block Facebook completely. –Â  False report! Many people lost their precious Facebook ID because of false report. Facebook administrator should be careful on that.

Laddering technique as an in-depth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1256 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Advertising Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION This work is based on an interview conducted using the Laddering technique. (Gutman, 1982, cited in Reynolds and Gutman, 1988) describes the Laddering technique as an in-depth, one-on-one interview technique used to understand how consumers relate product attributes to self. The aim of this study is to elicit product attributes, consequences and values from the respondent and show the relationship among them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Laddering technique as an in-depth" essay for you Create order The conclusion discusses the findings of the study in relation to marketing. The respondent is a 23-year old male student from London. The Laddering interview was analysed using the Mean-End Chain analysis by constructing a Hierarchical Value Map. INTERVIEW EXTRACT Interviewer: Could you list at least four characteristics of clothes that would make you buy them. Respondent: For the polo tops it would be the colour. Like I said I like bright, I dont like dull colours. When it comes to polos, I like them bright. So first of all, when Im selecting a polo top it would be based on the colour. If I see like a red or blue or something like that, then Ill go for that. And then secondly also, you have to look at the quality as well. You want something thatsgonna last. You know, you dont want something thats gonna start ripping after twoor three weeks so youre looking for the quality as well. Well, you can tell by just feeling it if its a good quality. And, well, sometimes to an extent based on if youre seeing, you know, adverts on television about that particular item of clothing, for example, you know, like say theyve done like a few adverts saying this the latest thing for young people then based on that I might go and buy it as well. So, yeah I think these are the main characteristics that make me choose my clothing. Interviewer: You mentioned colour. So why is colour important to you? Respondent: Because at the moment the more colourful you are, itscolour is used to determine, you know, like somebodys personality. Its mostly younger people who go for colourful, you know, bright things whereas older people want to be more reserved, they go for like, you know, kind of like brown, grey or black so that theyre not reallynoticed but younger people want to be noticed so they wear like really bright and colourfulthings so thatswhy I go for it. Interviewer: Why do you equate personality to colour? Respondent: Its just the way society is at the moment. If youre young and vibrant then you wantto stand out from the crowd and, I mean as you see most people wear, you know, things that make them blend in, like I said, like grey and black and you just blend into the crowd and you look likeevery other person. But if you wear something bright, you know, red, pink, and then you stand out and people, I meanif you want to stand out, that meansyou havea vibrant personality. Interviewer: Why do you want to stand out from the crowd? Respondent: Its just, I mean you knowwhen you dress upsometimes youre not just dressing up for other peopleyoure doing it for yourself. You want to feel good about yourselfYou want to know that you look good. So if you dress up like everybody else, no one, I mean, sometimes you also want to be noticed as well andlike I said if you just dress up to blend in with everybody else then no ones gonna really notice you until you wear something that distinguishes youfrom these people. Interviewer: Why would people noticing you be important to you? Respondent: Its not really of high importance but its just to make me feel good about myself, you know, you also get comments from people saying, oh yeah, â€Å"that top is really nice† or â€Å"those jeans are really niceâ₠¬  and you feel good about yourself, just to look good and then get this comments from peopleits not really of high importance but its something you like to hear from time to time. HIERARCHICAL VALUE MAP ANALYSIS The Hierarchical Value Map (HVM) in this study differs a little from the format recommended by Gengler et al, (Gengler et al, 1995 cited in Wagner, 2007) which shows the frequency of each element in addition to the number of the relevant cognitive relationships and structural connections among the cognitive elements. Due to the limitation of sample size, the HVM in this study focuses on indicating the relationships that exist among the cognitive elements- attributes, consequences and values. In Laddering, attributes refer to the distinct features of products that are offered to consumers. The consequences refer to the direct or indirect outcomes associated with the attributes (Wagner, 2007). For the purpose of this study, the attribute is colour of clothing. (Vinson et al 1977 cited in Wagner, 2007) describes values as cognitive elements that influence behaviour. From the Hierarchical Value Map (HVM), it can be seen that the respondent shops for clothes based on colour. Colou r is important to him because it defines his personality and also provides him with recognition from his peers. Recognition, in turn, leads to a feeling of well-being or satisfaction which he values. Recognition also creates opportunity for positive feedback from his friends. The provision of positive feedback from friends is also directly related to the feeling of well-being which, as has been mentioned, constitutes his value. The interview extracts and the HVM show that the respondent is concerned about the impression he makes in the minds of people. He desires the spotlight and will be willing to pay more for products that help him to attain his value. MARKETING IMPLICATIONS The data derived from the respondents HVM provides useful information for marketers. The HVM would be an invaluable tool for classifying the respondent into certain target segments. This segmentation would enable the marketers to target the respondent with the appropriate products thus shifting from a mass marketing approach to a target marketing approach. The HVM is also an important tool for choosing an advertising strategy (Reynolds and Gutman, 1988). Using the information on the HVM constructed in this study, marketers would be able to understand the driving forces that influence the respondents buying patterns and the type of products he prefers. With this information, they would be able to develop suitable advertisements with which to communicate their product offerings to the respondent. CONCLUSION The Laddering interview technique is a useful tool for deriving the values that shape the shopping habits of consumers. In the hands of an expert, it can elicit values from consumers which they never had knowledge of. By responding continuously to the interviewers questions, the consumer unwittingly discloses his values, and in the processes conveys to the interviewer his preferences in relation to product offerings. Thus, the consumer plays an important role in the design and development of new product offerings which results in the creation of added value for both the consumer and the marketing organisation- the consumer receives products that satisfy his values while the organisation benefits in the form of customer loyalty and profit. BIBLIOGRAPHY Malhotra, Naresh (2007) Marketing Research: an Applied Orientation Fifth Edition London: Pearson International Malhotra, Naresh and David Birks (2007) Marketing Research: An Applied Approach Third European Edition, Harlow: Prentice Hall Reynolds, J. Thomas and Gutman Jonathan (1988) ‘Laddering Theory, Method, Analysis, and Interpretation Journal of Advertising Research. Wagner, Tillmann (2007) ‘Shopping motivation revised: a means-end chain analytical perspective International Journal of Retail Distribution Management 35 (7) pp569-582

Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination in the Workplace Essay

Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination in the Workplace The workplace, including its composition and internal organization, is subjected to extensive regulation by the state. The civil society and its voluntary associations, have in fact, an important function with regards to workplace matters. In particular, they serve as a buffer against the state and an autonomous domain. Without them, differences and individual voices can eventually challenge the prevailing political order. But civil society and associational life in particular, perform other crucial functions that depend not on separating and shielding individuals from the society at large but on linking them to each other and to the society. In†¦show more content†¦The workplace is subject to a staggering array of governmental regulations governing many aspects of the composition, organization, and treatment of the workforce. Indeed, the workplace can better foster connectedness among individuals from different racial and ethnic groups precisely because it is subject to state regulation in the form of the employment discrimination laws. The bureaucratic human relations model initially flourished in an era of widespread and largely unchallenged discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities and women. Indeed, the esprit de corps that these organizations sought to inculcate was founded partly on the homogeneity of their white-collar workforces. The civil rights laws challenged those practices. In union workplaces, these laws pushed the organizations towards procedural fairness, clear rules, job descriptions and promotion ladders. In addition, these laws played a role in reducing supervisory discretion. The actual incidence of discrimination is difficult to quantify. However, some studies suggested that the use of auditors can serve as benchmarks. 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